// Engineering Insights

Decisions and techniques from building real systems.

Practical writing on AI engineering, Arabic retrieval, model economics, local deployment, and technical product discovery.

Arabic AI 6 min read

Building Arabic AI Beyond Interface Translation

Why wrapping a general LLM in an Arabic prompt often fails on dense domain documents, and how to build specialized tokenization, chunking, and hybrid retrieval pipelines.

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Model Economics 8 min read

Model Routing: Balancing Quality, Latency, and Cost

Why sending every query to frontier LLMs wastes budget, and how tiered routing layers and semantic caching can lower operating costs while improving response times.

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AI Engineering 7 min read

Local vs Cloud LLMs: A Practical Decision Framework

An engineering trade-off comparison between managed cloud APIs and self-hosted open-weights models based on privacy, latency, query volume, and total cost of ownership.

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Product Discovery 5 min read

Before Writing Code: What Technical Discovery Must Settle

Before investing a full development budget, a focused technical discovery phase clarifies feasibility, defines the initial scope, and mitigates expensive architecture risks.

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